With the increasing density of features in the various integrated circuits surrounding us, 3D integration (stacking chips) becomes essential. One key point of such integration is the metallization of Through Silicon Vias (TSV) connecting two chips together: the aspect ratio of these TSV will be higher than 20 in the near future. The copper-diffusion barrier layer and seed layer for the electrodeposition of copper are currently deposited by physical vapour deposition, and this technique is limited in terms of conformality in high aspect ratio structure. This work focuses on the development of the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of copper and tantalum nitride in order to propose conformal deposition method of barrier and seed layers. Copper precursors being not well known, different precursors were initially evaluated following the specifications of our study. Once the most promising precursor selected, it has been studied in two different ways. Firstly, a thermodynamic study has been carried out to understand the deposition mechanism; then copper ALD films were deposited on different substrates using different conditions to optimize the deposition. In a second step, a tantalum precursor has been studied for ALD of diffusion barrier, in order to offer the microelectronics industry a deposition method for both barrier and seed layer. Finally, we verified that ALD leads to conformal deposition on high aspect ratio TSV, and that the resulting films have properties corresponding to the specifications of the microelectronic industry.
