The aim of this thesis was to elaborate and characterize hybrid oriented and nanostructured thin films composed of a semiconducting polymer, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophène) (P3HT) and semiconducting CdSe nanocrystals (spheres, rods). Two orientation methods were used: directional epitaxial crystallization and mechanical rubbing. Epitaxied and rubbedfilms of pure P3HT show strong differences in terms of nanomorphology, crystalline order and structure. Epitaxied films possess a lamellar morphology, a 3D crystalline order and fiber symmetry where the P3HT backbones (cP3HT) are aligned along the fiber axis. Rubbed films do not show a lamellar morphology and have a 2D crystalline order with crystalline domains preferentially oriented “flat-on” relative to the substrate. These differences are reflected in the optical properties of the films. The orientation degree achieved in rubbed films strongly depends on the molecular weight of the polymer. There is also a strong anisotropy of the charge transport properties. Regarding hybrid epitaxied layers, we observed a nanostructuration with a localization of the CdSe nanocrystals into the amorphous zones of the P3HT. Moreover, electron tomography analysis shows that such films have a bilayer structure with a hybrid layer covered by pure P3HT. In rubbed hybrid films prepared with nanorods, the long axis of the nanorods as well as the P3HT backbone are oriented parallel tothe rubbing direction. The degree of in-plane orientation of the rods and of the P3HT matrix match closely and depend on the proportion of CdSe nanrods in the films. These results suggest that the P3HT matrix enforces the orientation of the rods.
