Brain glial tumors, and particularly glioblastomas, are tumors with a very bad prognosis. Nowadays, parameters that control aggressiveness, migration or chemo-resistance are poorly known. In this tumor context microRNAs (20 base-long non-coding RNAs) are thought to be essential actors of phenotypic-modification phenomenons as they are able to control the expression of numerous genes. We showed that microRNAs are precious diagnosis tissular markers helping in differentiating two principal tumor types from tissular samples. We also observed that several microRNAs are secreted by glial cells in microvesicles called exosomes. The exosomes RNA content was characterized by molecular transcriptomic analysis (messenger RNAs and microRNAs) using Affymetrix hybridization techniques. The healthy and cancerous exosomal RNA profiles are distinct but do not reflect the RNA profile of the cells they are derived from. Oxygen stress conditions, or use of chemical drugs (GW4869 or 5-Aza-2'-deoxycitidine), do not affect the quantity of exosomes produced by the culture cell line of glioblastoma U87. Nevertheless, the RNA profiles are modified and contents of exosomes produced seem to be controled by an active and regulated mechanism. Finally, cancerous exosomes incubated with healthy cells have a very restrain effect on their phenotypes. Thus tissular and exosomal microRNAs might be important actors of the glioma physiopathology and progression, which roles remain to be defined in detail.
