Acrylonitrile is an intermediate of the chemical industry, used for synthesis ofnumerous polymers and coating. It is produced by ammoxidation of propene, which becomes rare andexpensive. This project aimed to develop new catalysts based on nitrides and oxynitrides allowing touse abundant and cheaper propane as starting product. Propane presents an industrial interest in viewof its economical potential and durability and because its exploitation as chemical precursor wouldallow to use natural resources more efficiently. Numerous oxynitrides based catalysts have beenprepared and tested as catalysts. Some of them were shown to be unstable in reaction conditions, likeVZrON, MoVON, and LaVON, some were shown to be stable but either weakly active or notselective like MgTaVON and VZrAlON. The study has been focused on VAlON oxynitrides. Thesecatalysts have been characterized by several techniques, like XRD, XES, XANES, XPS, 27Al-NMR,NH3 and CO2-TDP and the influence of several parameters on their catalytic properties have beenstudied. The results of these studies have confirmed that these catalysts were very efficient for thereaction and shown that the optimal catalyst had a V/Al ratio around 0.30 with an average oxidationstate of vanadium in catalytic condition around 3.8. A nitridation site has been proposed correspondingto OxV-NH2--AlO3 species. Finally a new preparation method has been discovered with the synthesisof an oxalate of vanadium and aluminum complex, which is decomposed by ozonation, and nitrided inreaction conditions. This catalyst showed improved activity and selectivity compared to coprecipitatedcatalysts.
