Nano-structured surfaces allow obtaining of colored gonio-apparent effects when the nano-structures dimensions are of the order of the visible spectrum wavelengths. these colors are usually modeled by means of the interactions type so-called « interferences type » ou « photonic crystals type » between the luminous radiation and a model structure. in this thesis, the anodization of aluminum substrates is used to produce surface structures at the submicron scale. this technique is industrially mature and allows to structure large surfaces. color effects were observed even if obtained structures are not perfectly ordered. the aim of this thesis is the understanding of the optical phenomena involved in the production of such effects. this manuscript is divided into two main parts, both based on the existing literature analysis. in order to draw a parallel between experimental characterization and numerical simulations, one part presents the instrumental development of the optical characterization instrument. the second one is dedicated to the study of color effect of certain anodized aluminum surfaces. this part proposes an understanding of the interaction phenomena between the light and the anodized aluminum structure, based on the optical and microstructural characterization of the samples, associated to a modeling of the interaction between light and structured matter. this study shows that such structures present a short-distance order. the color effects are simulated numerically by fourier modal method by the means of model-structures with certain disorder degree.
