This work deals with the conformational studies of biomolecules in gas phase. The gas phase allows observing the intrinsic factors that stabilize the structure.The first step of this work consisted in coupling an ion mobility tube and a mass spectrometer (IM-MS). Especially, ion optics working at high pressure had to be developed (ion funnels, cylindrical ion trap). These experimental modifications allowed us to realising conformational studies in vacuo.This work is build around two major axes. The first one deals with the understanding of the factors that stabilize the secondary structure in gas phase. We have studied series of peptides with similar sequences. We studied a series of polyalanines and polyglycines who have the following formula Arg(Ala)4XxxAla4Lys et Arg(Gly)4Xxx(Gly)4Lys, where Xxx is one of the 20 natural amino acids. We are looking the influence of central amino acid on the global structure of peptides. After that we have observed the stability of the helix of the transmembran domain of the M2 protein of virus Influenza A and some mutants. These studies allow showing the importance of the charge solvatation in the gas phase.Finally, we are initiated a study on the refolding of proteins and more particularly on a model protein: the Lysozyme. We are studied the refolding in function of oxide degrees
