This experimental work is devoted to the study of the ion emission of solids under the impact of gold clusters of energy ranging between 0.15 and 1.25 MeV. The physics of ion-solid collisions and the theoretical models of solid sputtering by ion bombardment are presented in chapter 1. Chapter 2 is devoted to the description of the experimental setup. The study of a gold target, presented in chapter 3, allows us to show the role of the size and the energy of the clusters on the intensity of the emission and on the mass distribution of the ions. Chapter 4 presents the study of cesium iodide in which the intense emission of CsI clusters has been quantified from measurements of the emission multiplicity. Chapter 5 is devoted to a study of a biological molecule, phenylalanine, and a molecule of pesticide, the chlorsulfuron. This work points out the interest of clusters for surface analysis by mass spectrometry.
