The accumulation of sugars in grape berries requires the co-ordinate expression of sucrose transporters, invertases, and monosaccharide transporters. A monosaccharide transporter homologue (VvHT1, Vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1) has previously been isolated from grape berries at the ve´raison stage, and its expression was shown to be regulated by sugars and abscisic acid. The present work investigates the function and localization of VvHT1. Heterologous expression in yeast indicates that VvHT1 encodes a monosaccharide transporter with maximal activity at acidic pH (pH 4.5) and high affinity for glucose (Km570 lM). Fructose, mannose, sorbitol, and mannitol are not transported by VvHT1. In situ hybridization shows that VvHT1 transcripts are primarily found in the phloem region of the conducting bundles. Immuno- fluorescence and immunogold labelling experiments localized VvHT1 in the plasma membrane of the sieve element/companion cell interface and of the flesh cells. The expression and functional properties of VvHT1 suggests that it retrieves the monosaccharides needed to provide the energy necessary for cell division and cell growth at an early stage of berry development.
