Several studies on small animals have shown that MRI enhanced with nanoparticles of iron oxide (USPIO) is able to detect the neuroinflammation. However, to our knowledge, no team had yet investigated the potential of this approach for monitoring an anti-inflammatory treatment. In this context, we have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach to monitor the effects of minocycline after cerebral ischemia in mice. MRI is a very sensitive technique for the detection of iron, but the precise location of USPIO as well as their quantification is difficult. We therefore propsed to complete the MRI approach by a new technique to our knowledge in the field of USPIO imaging in the brain : Synchrotron radiation tomography. We here present the first results showing the feasibility of this approach and a comparative study of the sensitivity of two techniques used for the detection of USPIO in the brain. In the last part of our work, we report our results on the biotransformation of USPIOs in the spleen of the mouse during the first 40 days after intravenous injection obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
