The aim of the thesis is to show not only that the technological change is a determinant of economic growth, but also to analyze its relationship with inequality. This track, which is the director online of this work, is operated from theoretical models and empirical applications following many fields of investigation. The interest is twofold : study the impact of income inequality on technological changes, test the hypothesis of skills biased technological change and study the impact of technological change on inequality of access to employment.In this context, the first chapter focuses on the relationship between human capital, research and development, technology and growth. This technological change stimulating economic growth results wage inequality.The second chapter analyzes the impact of inequality on growth through technological changes. The first school of thought suggests a positive relationship between inequality and growth, a second stream suggests a negative relationship. Empirical validation is to assess the role of income inequality on economic growth and consequently to technological changes. The technique used is that of the static and dynamic Panel for a sample of developing countries.The third chapter exammines the impact of technical progress on inequality. He is interested in the concept of technological bias and in the role of inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. Empirical validation is also based on the econometrics of panel data. The first model tests the impact of technological change and capital on inequality of access to employmen. In a second model, the validity of the Kuznets hypothesis on technological change is tested
