Confronting different philosophical, religious and literary pieces of work, this thesis studies the concept of representation through the use of the four elements: Air, Earth, Water and Fire. Through the similar notions of participation, analogy, fold or flesh which bring up the question of relationship between body and soul, we realize that the representation, or staging, is an obvious way to understand this relationship, and is also, paradoxically, a way for the subject to put a distance between himself and the world. How can we understand this "presence-absence" ambivalence? In order to do it we have to question the relationship between objectivity and subjectivity and furthermore the one between intimacy and otherness. We want to demonstrate that these four elements, these raw materials also known as "hormones of the imagination" in Gaston Bachelard's work, are, in practical terms, a link between our senses and our mind. Using the medium "image" they help us to understand how we perceive different symbolisms. Therefore, they are metaphors of a representation process open upon the thinking and the creative worlds. Beyond studying the connection between feelings and thoughts, we are interested in the senses themselves: how do they affect our perception of the world? How does literature use the symbolic nature of the elements in order to express a subjectivity and to share a common spirituality? Why do human beings need to dramatize life and add a sacred dimension to it?
