Immune system plays a dual role in cancer: it can not only suppress tumor growth by destroying cancer cells, but also promote tumor progression by selecting immunoresistant tumor cells or by establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our main objective is to foster on the context of immune response in colon cancer settingDuring my thesis, I focused on one population of the immunosuppressive cells immune system: MDSC (myeloid derived suppressor cells). In this work, we explored strategies to reduce the number of these cells during tumor growth. We have discovered that small doses of 5 Fluorouracil are able to specifically induce apoptotic death of MDSC. We have characterized a novel positive immunological effect of 5-fluororuracil. This immunological effect contributes to the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil in mice. In the second part we investigated the prognostic role of immune infiltrates in a series of colon cancers with liver metastases. We investigated the prognostic role of tumor infiltrates, by CD8, CD45R0 and Foxp3 cells. We found that the presence of a strong infiltrate of tumors by CD45RO and Foxp3 cells is a factor of good prognosis. The combination of the two markers could be used to define three prognostic groups and underline a poor prognosis group which may not benefit of liver surgery.
