Modeling the mechanical behavior of living tissues gets nowadays more and more importance. Indeed, mechanical models can be integrated within assisted surgery devices to help for example the surgeon to better focus on an area affected by pathology.One of the main drawbacks of existing numerical models for the mechanical behavior of living tissues concerns the difficulty to measure their parameters, which makes their determination difficult. Adopting a multiscale modeling approach seems to be an answer to this issue. It allows taking into account the global complexity of the behavior by considering simple phenomena that occur at each scale. By this way, the parameters of the model deal with physical characteristics and remain measurable.In the present study, we focus on the mechanical behavior of bridging vein walls. These veins can break when the head is submitted to a shock loading. We start by some experimental observations using optical microscopy, X-ray microtomography and multiphoton confocal microscopy. These observations allow getting a detailed knowledge about the vein wall constitution. Additionally a mechanical tensile test is combined with one of these observations. Then we propose a new multiscale approach for the description of the mechanical behavior of vessel walls. It combines simple models associated with three scales and describes in this way the overall mechanical behavior of the vein wall. The evolution of the material structure at different scales is taken into account and contributes to the global hyperelastic mechanical behavior of the tissue. Finally, our model is implemented in a finite element code in order to study complex geometries.
