This PhD work is focused on the development of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells on metallic substrates. The main goal is to fix various issues related to the replacement of the standard soda-lime glass substrates by metallic substrates (Ti and stainless steel foils), through optimizing and functionalizing of the back contact. Thus, the study is focused on the development of DC-sputtered Mo back contacts. First, monolayer-based and bilayer-based back contacts are compared, demonstrating the interests of the bilayers. The latter are obtained by successively using two different deposition pressures during the DC-sputtering of the back contact. We show that the deposition pressure of the bottom layer of the back contact influences the morphology of the top layer. This leads to changes in the cristallographic properties of the CIGS and in the global device performance. In a second study, the bottom layer is deposited using a Na-doped Mo sputtering target (Mo:Na), in order to use the back contact as a sodium precursor for the CIGS. The differences between the sputtered Mo and Mo:Na layers are first studied. Then, we show that sodium diffusion depends on the deposition pressure of the Mo:Na layer. On Ti substrates, conversion efficiencies as high as on the glass substrates were reached using the Mo:Na layers. It is also shown that when sodium is present, the effect of the deposition pressure of the bottom layer on the device performance is reduced.
