Introduction The mechanisms underlying the relationship between lung function and the incidence of cardiovascular disease remain uncertain. Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of major cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, may play a role in this relationship. Data on the association between lung function and metabolic syndrome are sparse. Few data have been published on the relationship between abdominal obesity and the risk of asthma. Many studies have reported a positive relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of asthma particularly in women. BMI is a crude measure of obesity that does not discriminate between muscle and adipose tissue mass or estimate regional adiposity. Adiposity, and particularly visceral fat mass, tends to increase with aging at the expense of muscle mass and these changes in body composition make BMI an inadequate body fatness indicator. In the elderly, although frequent and often severe, asthma remains poorly studied.Materials and MethodsFirst, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and lung function (Forced expiratory volume in one second, Forced Vital Capacity) was studied using data from 121,965 patients who had a health examination at the Paris Investigations Préventives et Cliniques center between 1999 and 2006. A principal component analysis was used to investigate the differential associations between lung function and specific components of metabolic syndrome. Second, the study of lung function (FEV1) decline and its relationship with abdominal fat was conducted among nearly 10,000 subjects followed 5 years later at the IPC center. Third, the relationship between abdominal adiposity and prevalence and incidence of asthma was analyzed within the 3 Cities cohort study including 7,643 subjects aged 65 and over.Main resultsMetabolic syndrome was associated with impaired lung function (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence Interval=1.28 [1.20-1.37] et ORa=1.41 [1.31-1.51], for FEV1 and FVC<Lower Limit of Normal, respectively). This association was mainly due on the presence of abdominal obesity independently of BMI and smoking status in men as in women. An accelerated decline in lung function was associated with abdominal fat gain (∆VEMS= -24.6 ; -29.0 ; -36.2 ml/year for waist circumference « decreased», « stable » et « increased », respectively). An increased risk of asthma was associated with abdominal overweight and abdominal obesity in both sexes (ORa, IC95%=1.30 [1.02-1.65] and 1.76 [1.31-2.36], respectively).ConclusionThese results provide arguments for the role of abdominal obesity in the development of chronic lung diseases. Measurement of lung function may help to identify patients at cardiometabolic high risk.
