Microstrip printed reflectarrays experience strong development since the late 80s. This type of antenna has the potential to form complex radiation patterns with relative simplicity, low cost, low losses and low profile. However, it still has some shortcomings: - The non-regularity of the geometry of the cell on the surface of the array, in the case of passive antenna, may cause degradation on the radiation pattern, especially at the transition between two extreme geometries, when a new phase cycle begins. - The high number of components used to control the phase of the reflected wave, in the case of reconfigurable antenna, increases the manufacturing cost of the antenna and complicates the control circuit of the reconfigurable elements. - The limited bandwidth has long confined this type of antenna to narrowband applications and is mainly due to the intrinsic bandwidth of the unit cell. In this thesis, we therefore focus on the design of new, passive and reconfigurable, phase-shifting cells that can provide a wide bandwidth while maintaining a simple implementation. In addition, the control of the phase, in the case of reconfigurable cells, must be made with a reduced number of components in order to comply the constraint of low manufacturing cost.
