The nuclear reactors of the 4th generation must allow an optimized use of natural resources,while performing at a high safety level. The framework of this thesis is the deployment study ofone of such a system, an innovative and still little studied Molten Salt Fast Reactor. An excellentsafety is an ultimate requirement of the nuclear energy deployment, so it is important to raisethis question at the current early stage of the MSFR concept development.This concept was the subject of a neutronic tool benchmark within a European projectEVOL. Definition, calculations and results analyses were performed during this thesis. Comparisonsof static neutronic and burn-up calculations, performed by the project participants,concluded to a good agreement between the different codes and methods used and pointed outthe sensibility of the nuclear database choice on the results. With the aim of safety analysis ofthe MSFR, the decay heat was studied in detail. The tool used for the decay heat calculationwas developed and validated, to finally evaluate the decay heat in the reactor. The decay heatsource presented in different zones was quantified, concluding to a high importance of the coolingof the fuel salt and the bubbling system enclosing a part of the fission products.The safety analysis methodology was also studied in this thesis. Even if the safety principlesare directly transposable to the MSFR, the precise recommendations are not. This is due to thespecificity of the design that relies on the liquid state of the fuel, on the reprocessing systemslocated in the reactor and the embryonic stage of the design. First, a preliminary transpositionwork of some criteria to the MSFR design was realized, resulting amongst other things in a listof accidental scenarios particular for MSFR. Finally, a preliminary physical study of some typesof accidental scenarios was performed, that can be used as a basis for further analyses with moresophisticated tools.
