The effects of electrical stimulation on the dynamics of epileptic neural systems are still unknown. The main objective of this thesis is to progress the understanding of the expected effects as a function of stimulation parameters. In the first part of the manuscript, a mesoscopic model (neural population) of the thalamocortical loop is proposed to study in details the effects of indirect stimulation (thalamic), with a particular attention to stimulation frequency. Intracerebral EEG signals acquired from a patient with drug-resistant epilepsy were first analyzed using a time-frequency approach (Matching Pursuit algorithm). The extracted features were then used to optimize the parameters of the proposed model using a Brute-Force approach (minimizing the distance between simulated and real signals). Finally, the dynamical behavior of the model was studied as a function of the frequency of the stimulation input. The results showed that the model reproduces the real signals as well as the nonlinear relationship between the frequency of stimulation and its effects on epileptic dynamics. Thus, in the model, low-frequency stimulation (LFS; fs 60 Hz) suppress epileptic dynamics, whereas intermediate-frequency stimulation (IFS; 20 < fs <60 Hz) has no effect, as observed clinically. In addition, the model was used to identify the cellular and network mechanisms involved in the modulatory effects of stimulation. The second part of the manuscript addresses the polarizing effects of direct current (DC) stimulation of the epileptogenic zone in the context of the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). A well-known computational model of the hippocampal CA1 region was adapted for this study. Two modifications were added to the model: 1) a physiological representation of the occurrence of hippocampal paroxysmal discharges (HPD) based on the statistical identification of their occurrence in experimental data (in vivo model of MTLE) and 2) an electrophysiologically plausible representation of the stimulation inputs taking into account the electrode-electrolyte interface. The analysis of the model output as a function of the polarity of stimulation, showed a significant reduction (resp. increase) of HPDs (duration and frequency) in anodal stimulation (resp. cathodol). An experimental protocol was then proposed and used to validate the model predictions.
