The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), the most famous model of Physics beyond the Standard Model, provides a good dark matter candidate: the neutralino. One of the mechanisms which can reduce the predicted relic density of neutralino to the experimental range of WMAP and Planck is the coannihilation between the neutralino and the stop. In this thesis, we study two different aspects related to the prediction of the relic density in the neutralino-stop coannihilation region and the calculation of the corresponding annihilation and coannihilation cross sections. We first make short reviews of WIMP dark matter and the Standard Model of particle Physics, introduce the MSSM and discuss the phenomenology of neutralino relic density. We then study the phenomenology of Non Minimal Flavor Violation in the squark sector in the context of neutralino relic density. We consider flavor violating terms in the sectors of right handed third generation up and down squarks and show that they can have an important impact on the thermally averaged (co)annihilation cross section of the neutralino, and therefore on its relic density. Finally, we focus on the issue of improving the precision with which the relic density is calculated, by computing (co)annihilation cross sections at Next-to-Leading Order. Following earlier work in the calculation of one-loop SUSY-QCD corrections to the annihilation of neutralinos, which have shown that the impact of such corrections was larger than the experimental uncertainty, we have calculated similar corrections for the neutralino-stop coannihilation into electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons.
