New technological uses such as cloud computing, smartphones, take part to the huge current increase of data consumption. This growth goes along with the development of optical networks, which will replace the copper networks with an higher and higher transmission capacity, thanks to new standards of fibers. This situation raises the question of the obsolete optical fibers reuse. It's shown in this thesis that MIMO techniques can be applied to multimode optical fibers in order to benefit from their inherent spatial diversity. This thesis focuses on the optical SIMO scheme, showing an improvement of the multimode fiber capacity for OFDM signals transmissions. We prove hereby the interest of such a technique, combining radio MIMO aspects and optical transmissions principles.
