The purpose of this dissertation is to classify quantum groups according to invariants coming from their representation theory. More precisely, we classify Hopf algebras having a fusion semiring isomorphic to that of a given reductive algebraic group G. Such a quantum group is called a G-deformation. We study the case of GL(2) and SO(3). We give a complete classification of GL(2)-deformations by building a family of Hopf algebras parametrized by invertible matrices. We describe their comodule category and we give some classification results about the Hopf-Galois objects. We also classify compact SO(3)-deformations and we study the noncompact case. Finally, the last part of this dissertation is a study of the underlying algebra of some Hopf algebras, for which we exhibit a linear basis. This basis allows us to compute the centre and some (co)homology groups of those algebras.
