This study focuses on the Great Northern War (1700-1721) and on the destiny of Swedes in Belarus and Russia. The Swedish, Belarusian and Russian historiography use different ways to depict this war. We compare these various approaches in the first part of this thesis. Then, we study the different aspects of the Carolin's life: in Belarus they were present during the war and some of them stayed there. In Russia the question is about prisoners of war captured after the Battle of Poltava (1709), who brought a big contribution in the development of Russia, such as in Sankt-Petersburg and in Siberia. In Russia some Carolins took root too : we study the question of their descendants in Russia and Belarus, but also the question of the memory of Great Northern War until our days.
