DNA cryptography is a new and promising field in information security. It combines classical solutions in cryptography with the strength of the genetic material. By introducing DNA into the common symmetric key cryptography, it is possible to benefit from the advantages of the classical cryptosystems and solve some of its limitations. There are different ways how DNA can be used to secure information content. It is about using the biological medium of DNA for storing and hiding data. Secret information can be placed in microscopic size of DNA and hidden among a great amount of other DNA structures. Biomolecular computation is possible with specially designed DNA structures. Random numbers can be generated from DNA sequences which can be found in genetic databases in digital form. Genetic databases represent a feasible solution to the One-Time-Pad (OTP) symmetric key generation and transmission problem. The one-time use is ensured due to the great variety of the publicly available, very long (thousands of bases) sequences. Transmission of a very long key is not required because each sequence has a unique identification number in the database and this number can be sent instead. Compression along with information security have always been topics of interest because, as technology advances, the amount of data that is desired to be transmitted, stored, or used in real time applications is becoming greater. Some of the encryption schemes can increase the size of the data, or bring unwanted additional computations. These drawbacks can be solved by several techniques to combine compression with encryption in one process or by performing a selective encryption of the data.
