This work proposes a methodology for an instrumentation based on several hydrological, geophysical and geochemical tools, to quantify the contribution of snowmelting proportions in the Lignon. This instrumentation is a monitoring of the different compartments / hydrological interfaces made up by atmosphere, snow, soil and rivers throughout the seasons.Snow, and especially the snow water equivalent, is fundamental to a better hydrological understanding of the sources of the Lignon, located directly downstream of a large snowdrift. This amount of water is stored during the cold season, to be returned during the spring melting. This return is heterogeneous in the top of the Lignon, due to the high spatial and temporal variability of parameters leading the melting.The infiltration of water therefore produced is a key step in the hydrological behavior of the Lignon during the spring time, which can be potentially more affected by the freezing of the ground, which significantly increases surface runoff.Soil structure near sources also explains the strong dependence of the sources of the Lignon towards snowfalls and rains. This dependence is especially noticeable at the snow melting that changes with very short term the flows at the sources.This snow-rainfall-runoff relationship highlights a predominant rain-snow surface supply, in comparison with the deeper water flows, and variable during the year.This instrumentation method, adapted to the local scale hydrology, allows corroborating the results obtained with a good accuracy, while opening new opportunities for application to other altitude watersheds.
