New technologies developed recently in the field of genetic have generated high-dimensional databases, especially SNPs databases. These databases are often characterized by a number of variables much larger than the number of individuals. The goal of this dissertation was to develop appropriate statistical methods to analyse high-dimensional data, and to select the most biologically relevant variables. In the first part, I present the state of the art that describes unsupervised and supervised variables selection methods for two or more blocks of variables. In the second part, I present two new unsupervised "sparse" methods: Group Sparse Principal Component Analysis (GSPCA) and Sparse Multiple Correspondence Analysis (Sparse MCA). Considered as regression problems with a group LASSO penalization, these methods lead to select blocks of quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. The third part is devoted to interactions between SNPs. A method employed to identify these interactions is presented: the logic regression. Finally, the last part presents an application of these methods on a real SNPs dataset to study the possible influence of genetic polymorphism on facial skin aging in adult women. The methods developed gave relevant results that confirmed the biologist's expectations and that offered new research perspectives.
