Despite the many benefits of RFID, deployment is still hindered by several factors both economic and technological. Among these barriers include the cost of tags still too high, lack of reliability and security in the information contained in the RFID chip but also aspects "recycling" of tags. In this thesis we focus on the development of chipless RFID tag, which represent a new family of low cost tags. With this technology, information is extracted from the electromagnetic response of the tag which depends only on its geometry. Various solutions have been developed to increase the amount of information, reduce the surface of the tag or to improve the robustness of detection. Practical considerations such as realization using paper substrate, the development of a low cost detection system, or measurements in a real environment have been addressed in order to establish proof of concept. The last works concerning chipless RFID sensor or about the way to make a chipless tag fully reconfigurable are presented as a perspective.
