A debris disk around a main sequence star is made of planetesimals, which are the remnant of the planet formation process according to the core-accretion theory. In the Solar system, the main asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt are examples of debris disks. Around other stars, debris disks are observable if they are massive enough for collisions between planetesimals to produce continuously enough dust to be detected, by their thermal emission in the far infrared, or by scattered light in the visible spectrum. In this work, we have studied the stripping, the dynamical excitation and the structuring of debris disksundergoing the gravitational interaction with a planet inside a system, a stellar companion in a binary system, and a passing star in the dense environment of an open cluster during the first 100 millions years after the birth of the star. We have addressed these problems by the numerical simulation of the dynamics of a disk of planetesimals in these various conditions. We have finally carried out a study to determine the characteristics of the debris disk population around stars of different types, with the standard collisional evolution model, our results about dynamical excitation of disks and the data of the Spitzer surveys. We show that the lack of debris disks detected around low mass M type stars can be explained by planetesimals 10 times smaller than around solar type or more massive stars.
