In most cases, sample preparation can be divided in two distinctive steps : extraction andanalysis. While analytical step requires few minutes, the extraction step requires severalhours. This applies to clevenger method, invented in 1928, which today is the reference fordistillation extraction. Since the discovery of thermal effects of microwaves by Spencer in1946, the impact of microwaves on the matter has been widely characterized and validated bythe scientific community. Quickly, microwaves were used for extraction to coutercatlimitations of conventional extraction procedures. Our work consisted of design, optimizationand development of a new extraction technique of essential oils in vegetables matrices andby-products of food industry. The first part of the document is devoted to understanding thetheorical foundations and considerations of conventional and innovative extractionprocedures. A second part of the manuscript refers to the techniques used for the design andoptimization of micowaves hydrodiffusion and gravity. Finally, the last part of the manuscriptdeals with the results obtained and is divided into three distinct sections: in the first chapter,the development, optimization and implementation of the new device and described. Theapparatus allows rapid and non destructive extractions that can generalized for variousvegetables matrices. This topic is discused in a second chapter. A phenomenoncomprehension of process extraction and the ecological approach of the invention, is thesubject of a third and final chapter
