In this thesis, we are interested in the functional data. The problem of estimation in a model of estimating equations is studying. We derive a central limit type theorem for the considered estimator. The optimal instruments are estimated, and we obtain a uniform convergence of the estimators. We are then interested in various testing with functional data. We study the problem of nonparametric testing for the effect of a random functional covariate on an error term which could be directly observed as a response or estimated from a functional model like for instance the functional linear model. We proved, in order to construct the tests, a result of dimension reduction which relies on projections of the functional covariate. We have constructed no-effect tests by using a kernel smoothing or a nearest neighbor smoothing. A goodness-of-fit test in the functional linear model is also proposed. All these tests are studied from a theoretical and practical perspective.
