The Bolivian urban system is outstanding : three major cities concentrate about half of the nation’s population and employment. Their territories’ trajectories lead us to question their economic role in the face of the successful economic achievement of Potosi and Tarija, territories well endowed in natural resources. We wanted to highlight the Bolivian current territorial tripolarization, firstly by studying its emergence, through the study of their economical history; secondly, by investigating the most recent economical data in order to display the strengths and weaknesses of this tripolarized system. Each component of the tripole is situated in a different geographical setting. In the West, La Paz, where the government is based, belongs to a mountainous region of high plateaus; in the East, Santa Cruz, 900 km distant, belongs to the central area of Amazonian plains, whereas Cochabamba rests between those two, in the region of intermediate valleys. This tripolarization is recent ; Urban hierarchy previously dominated by a major city is now characterized by three of them ranking first in this hierarchy. The specific emergence of such a system in Bolivia, together with the abundance of natural resources in certain territories, contributes to explaining the current situation, which has been analyzed using indicators of economical activity and of the international role of the territories. This economical approach combined with geographical, demographical, historical, political and human development elements, helps us to disclose two different but complementary logics: a kind of territorial domination of La Paz - Cochabamba - Santa Cruz, permitted though made vulnerable by the exploitation of natural resources in Potosi and Tarija
