This document is a synthesis of my research, started twenty years ago, as well as the presentation of new results. The latter are summarized by a set of grids of analysis to determine the potentials of innovation of organization. Indeed, since the thesis where I showed the weight of tasks of intendance in the organizations, I support today, thanks to the communication and information sciences, at which point these tasks can be factor of innovation according to listening and the glance that one carries to them. After having looked further into the phenomena of organisational co-operation and subdivision through the study of the gap between an information management intentional and his realization, I developed a communication and organisational analysis of the activities of information. It is a question of taking in consideration speaking and listening in collective action as articulation between daily, strategic and political levels. I mobilize for that a ethnographical methodology of communication and organization associating clinical and Grounded Theory. I can thus cross intentions, achievements and justifications concerning the installations of informational systems. That opens with a theory which makes it possible to determine coherence between individual behaviors and regulations associated with organisational judgements. This theory of the roles and the performances offers a communicational and organisational point of view for better understanding the insertion of the collective action in the contemporary economic world and political. The collective action is indeed a unit inseparable from knowledge and relations where strongly the judgement intervenes: each one acts by mobilizing its knowledge while being subjected to the judgement of others. It is thus responsible for regulations (and/or proscriptions) reciprocal and forms a set of interpretations under constraints institutional and cultural, which returns to the way in which each one justifies its acts in reports of legitimacy. Cultural dimension is crucial and I all the more take it into account since I live in Spain.
