RFID technology is now a part of our daily lives. The corresponding applications are more and more numerous and widespread. This work having been done in the framework of the PACID textile project, this thesis has the ambition to research innovative solutions for RFID readers in order to enhance the management, the traceability and the security of the industrial and commercial textiles.Towards this end, the antenna reader has to be miniature while being low-cost, directive and in circular polarization in the RFID UHF band (0.865-0.868 GHz). The two main technological challenges that we have faced for the reader antenna is managing its main direction of propagation to restrict and control the reading zone as well as the miniaturization of its size in order to easily integrate it into any environment. To respond to this problem, the research areas discussed in this manuscript were: The obtaining of the circular polarization using short-circuited resonators. The study and design of microstrip antennas based on EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap). Type metamaterials to improve their directivity by using the original properties of these structures. The research of new miniaturization techniques for printed antennas by introducing a new EBG ground plane.
