Several epidemiological studies associate cholesterol to prostate cancer incidence and development. Among the actors involved in cholesterol metabolism, the nuclear receptors LXRα and β have been identified as important intracellular regulators, able to adjust cholesterol accumulation. In parallel, these receptors exert anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects on prostate tumor cells. Altogether, these data suggest a protective role of LXRs against prostate cancer. This work aimed at understanding the molecular mecanisms linking LXRs to cell cycle regulation and prostate carcinogenesis. We showed that LXRs are able to exert their anti-proliferative effect on murine prostate epithelial cells (MPECs) via modulation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. These results demonstrate the value of these cells to study the molecular mecanisms involved in this LXR effect. Lxrαβ-/- mice fed a high cholesterol diet, display prostate neoplasia and a transcriptomic profil close to the one of a mouse model of prostate cancer demonstrating the protective effect of LXRs in hypercholesterolemia condition. Expression and activity of LXRs and their target genes have been studied in a mouse model of prostate cancer, the Pten-/- mice with a knock-out of the tumour supressor Pten specifically in the prostate epithelium. Interestingly, we showed that LXRs are activated during prostate carcinogenesis and that the loss of LXRs in Pten-/- mice leads to an acceleration of tumor progression. In summary, these results highlight the role of LXRs as a barrier to constrain tumor progression in particular through their target genes Abca1 and Abcg1.
