Organic radicals play key roles in various fields and it is established that they could coordinate metal centers in metalloenzymes. For example, Galactose Oxydase exhibits a copper-phenoxyl entity, essential for its reactivity (aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes). This thesis is focused on the design of transition metal complexes (copper, nickel, cobalt) from non innocent ligands. The characterization of species at various oxidation states has been performed by complementary analytical techniques (electrochemistry, EPR, UV-vis-NIR, raman resonance, X-ray crystallography) and theoretical chemistry. Several Ni-salen complexes were synthetized (symmetrical or not) and the resulting oxidized species could be either localized (class II compound) or delocalized (class III compound) radicals depending on the phenolic substituents. In Cu(II)-salophen complexes we successfully shed light on a bridge-centered redox activity, leading to Cu(II)-diaminobenzene π radical species. In the case of cobalt, both metal and ligand redox active orbitals are isoenergetic and the oxidized species is a resonance hybrid between the Co(III)-phenolate and the Co(II)-phenoxyl forms. We evaluated the influence of the replacement of the salen oxygen atoms by nitrogen ones on the electronic structure of the resulting oxidized species. Finally, original complexes were synthesized from a bis(phénol)-dipyrrine ligand and the radical oxidized species were structurally characterized. They exhibit a unprecedented mixed porphyrinyl-phenoxyl character.
