Improvement of lignocellulosic resources from poplar short rotation coppices is a major challenge for the production of second generation biofuels. In this context, the present work aims at optimizing short term creation and deployment of improved poplar clonal varieties through the dissection of genetic control of both leaf rust resistance and wood quality in black poplar (Populus nigra), one of the parental species of cultivated hybrids. SNP markers have been developed from the resequencing of 665 gene fragments in a discovery panel of 21 individuals. These markers were combined with SSRs and AFLPs to build new genetic maps in a pedigree composed of 324 cloned full-sibs. High throughput phenotyping based on near infrared spectroscopy has been used to predict wood chemical contents and saccharification yield. High genetic variability expressed in all traits allowed the identification of genomic regions controlling this variation. Of the 11 QTL mapped for resistance, one major QTL co-localized with a major QTL previously detected for leaf rust resistance in willow. For wood quality, 15 QTL with low to moderate effect have been identified. Interestingly, one QTL mapped on chromosome XIII and colocalized with sugar and lignin contents QTL previously detected in poplar. Present results open perspectives towards the identification of candidate genes underlying the detected QTL through association genetics.
