Caribbean Islands and mauritius, in southwest of indian Ocean, dashed into the development in order to reduce risks connected to economy of plantation. Interrogation concerns industrialization. What policies were implemented for industrialization? What types of industries do we find? What are the conditions of establishement? What are the impacts on the socio-spacial development? Reflexion concerns industrialization: first of replacement in the imports then the extroversion. Industrial free zones of export developped within the framework of this last policy. We analyses concept of free zone and the conditionsof their emergence in a economic protected environment (first part.). The compared study to Mauritius to Domican Republic highlights the spatial dynamic of the free zones, widely dependent on possibilities of setting-up. Arrival of the relocated industries has an impact on the social, economic and spatial organizations. New social classes wre born. Mauritian free zone became an industrial district whereas free zones dominican - economic enclave - have different dynamisms. Reproduction of units assembly ends in models of spatial expansion of industrial space which synergy generated by the actor's system (second part.). The dismantling of textile and clothing trade agreement needs new local answers about small and medium-sized entreprises in the territorial development. Impact of free zones in societies leads to study labor culture. What is labor culture? Finally, promote sustainable development and diversification of activities are possibilities to reduce vulnerability of a specialized economic system (third part.).
