The hydrophobic/hydrophilic duality of amphiphilic molecules is at the origin of their selfassembly in solution, into many supramolecular structures such as micelles. This thesis presents the formation, characterization and study of new photopolymerizable diacetylenic micelles. The first part describes the synthesis of new cationic micelles and the study of theiruse as gene transfer agent. In the second part, our work presents the study of polydiacetylene micelles, bearing polar heads octaétylèneglycol as potential drug delivery system. The encapsulation properties of these micelles were first evaluated in the presence of a fluorescent fullerene derivative. Then, the incorporation of a membrane probe in their lipophilic shell has allowed a study of their in vitro delivery properties. Finally a study of their in vivo biodistribution was also carried out by single photon emission tomography through the chelation of a radioactive isotope on micelle surface. Finally the last part presents theanalysis of two new tubularself-assemblies, obtained during our work.
