In the global context of research improvements of a photovoltaic (PV), we felt it necessary to begin this thesis with a summary of the understanding of the physical phenomena involved in the photovoltaic effect. Indeed, a better understanding of their interactions with a systematic research on the behavior of PV generators and sources of limiting effects of energy production PV. It is possible to better define the problem of this research. Throughout these three years, we have worked to identify the causes of failures of PV systems to provide technical solutions and make conversion systems in their globalities more reliable and certainly more effective than existing products. In the literature, we found that many studies are focused even today research models more or less precise behavior of PV cells and modules, and complete PV generators subject to changing environments as it is case in real conditions of sunshine. These models through various simulations reproduce the conditions of sunlight and use of PV generators, it is possible to separate the phenomena and to distinguish for example the loss of producible environment-related losses due to a mismatch electric. Thus, quantifying the potential for improvement and better understanding of the interactions, the search for solutions to improve system performance can be targeted and cover a wide range of operation.
