This work deals with the influence of ultrasound on heat transfer. It relies on the conception of a new kind of heat exchanger, whose structure can be set into vibration at its resonance frequency in the ultrasonic range : 35 kHz. The influence of ultrasound on heat transfer enhancement was thus directly observed within the system. The literature survey showed the originality of this work, corresponding to a first approach of a fluid-fluid heat exchanger. The conception of the heat exchanger, of the test rig and acquisition system both especially dedicated was the main object of the first part of this work. Then, the development of methods for the analysis of energetic performances and their implementation constituted the second part. Finally, various operating configurations (flow regimes, hydraulic configurations, constitutive materials, …) have been studied. Besides, the potential of ultrasound concerning fouling reduction inside the structure was also highlighted.