Palaeoenvironmental changes in the Sarmatian Central Paratethys were reconstructed by studying foraminifers (36 species) and ostracods (28 species) from two boreholes coupled with geochemical analyses of their calcite skeletons and of aragonite gastropod shells and phosphate rodent teeth.The composition of the microfauna suggests that the connection between the Central Paratethys and the Mediterranean was interrupted or limited at the base of the Sarmatian, but that a seaway between the Eastern and Central Paratethys existed until the end of the Sarmatian. The early Sarmatian is characterized by brackish littoral seawater (maximum 80 m), well ventilated, stable temperatures (~ 15°C), with rich algae and/or seagrass vegetation and periodic phytoplankton blooms. A transgressive event can be observed as part of a 3rd order transgressive systems tract (TST) corresponding roughly to the TB 2.6 global cycle. The faunal changes occurring at the boundary between the lower and the middle Sarmatian can be explained by a sea-level highstand with dysoxic conditions. A relative sea-level fall with a maximum depth of about 50 m, and well ventilated, warm temperate and more brackish (17-23‰) conditions is documented at the end of the middle Sarmatian. After a short regressive event, a marine connection between the Paratethys and the Mediterranean was established at the beginning of the upper Sarmatian. Warm (15-21°C), well-ventilated, corresponding to marine shallow lagoon and marsh environments with high fluctuations in salinity (15-43 ‰) then prevailed before a final isolation of the Central Paratethys that occurred at the end of the Sarmatian.
