Acral Lentiginous Melanoma (ALM) is the fourth main histological subtype of melanoma and accounts for less than 10% of all melanomas. Many controversies surround this rare subtype, as a poorer prognosis. The aim of our study was to investigate the distinctive epidemiological, clinical and histological characteristics and outcome of ALM, and to evaluate their prognostic values in order to identify independent prognostic factors. Between 1996 and 2004, 126 patients with ALMs (6% of all melanomas) were retrieved and followed up at the Department of Dermatology, Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital, Lyon, France. All histological material were systematically reexamined. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing the baseline characteristics of subgroups with appropriate tests. ALM-specific and disease-free survivals were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log-Rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. The median disease-free and ALM-specific survivals were 10.1 and 13.5 years, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 76%. In the first part of this study, we reviewed patient demographics, the initial presentation of the lesion, and clinical outcome. Male gender and amelanosis were significantly associated with a poorer prognosis. The second part is a detailed analysis of histopathological features, with evaluation of their prognostic value. The presence of microsatellites and a high mitotic rate appeared to be of particular importance in predicting the outcome of ALM. Then, the third part emphasized all dermoscopic features of ALM, in order to improve recognition of suspicious cases and to permit an earlier diagnosis. This large register-based review of ALM shows that ALM is an unusual subtype of melanoma that exhibits distinctive epidemiological, clinical and pathological features. The classical poorer prognosis is mainly due to a more advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Dermoscopy could be helpful to improve the diagnostic accuracy in such locations.
