This thesis deals with the various chemical, physical and structural properties featured by the porphyrin macrocycle.The first chapter is related to the sensitization by a porphyrinic chromophore of the emission of lanthanide ions in the near-infrared. Synthesis of a porphyrin functionalized by two 8-hydroxyquinoline, its metallation with lanthanides (La, Nd, Yb and Gd) and its photophysical properties are described. In a second part, the synthesis of porphyrin functionalized by oxamates, in order to limit the non-radiative deactivation of lanthanides through vibrations of bounds, is also studied.The second chapter is focused on the synthesis of porphyrins substituted by two pyridyl or ethynylpyridyl groups in meso-trans positions. The metallation of the porphyrin core by Zn(II) leads to the formation a mono- or bi-dimensional coordination networks with different topologies depending on the nature of the porphyrin.The third chapter presents the surface functionnalisation by chemi- or physis-orption of a monodimensional polar network. The synthesis of porphyrin substituted with a pyridine and a terpyridine, necessary to the formation a non-centrosymmetric coordination network, is described. Thereafter the absorption of these compounds on graphite surface is studied. The second part of this chapter is related to the synthesis of porphyrin functionnalised by two or four arms with thiolate moiety that could be used as an anchor for the construction of a monodimensional network orthogonal to a gold surface.
