Self-renewal is a key property of the stem cell concept. However, despite the recent advances in this field, the underlying molecular bases are not yet properly understood. We tackled this question by studying the balance between self-renewal and differentiation, in primary erythroid progenitors. Our work is twofold. First, by combining pharmacologic approaches and functional genetics, we have shown that the control of cellular cholesterol synthesis plays a central role in the regulation between self-renewal and differentiation. Second, we have studied the stochastic nature of gene expression along the transition from self-renewal to differentiation. Indeed, while gene expression was initially deemed to be deterministic, more and more data tend to show that it relies on stochastic processes. In particular, we participated to the design of an experimental method allowing to mesure gene expression in a single cell, in real-time. All in all, the work presented here brings new elements towards the understanding of molecular bases controlling self-renewal and cell fate choices.
