The present contribution is to carry out a critical study of single-member limited liability Company (Sole Proprietorship Company). A conceptual approach shows that a unitarian and coherent theory of the notion of société [company] suggests to reserve it to the idea of association between two or several persons. Also, focusing on the usefulness of the legal personality, it should be reserved for groups endowed with a collective interest. In the reality, the SMC (single-member Company) is a legal denomination consisting in introducing a special purpose patrimony (autonomous patrimony by appropriation) for a single person while the legal and economics bases of limited liability are not satisfied. Moreover, the SMC is not without certain negative consequences for the one that we intend to protect, the only partner (the sole owner), while it is generally proves irrelevant. Especially, the SMC must be denounced as an institution entailing a divorce between law and practice.
