Complex environments are an important source of uncertainty especially when it comes to developing climate models and weather. The development of the atmospheric boundary layer within a valley, including valley and slope winds is, for example, unresolved, which has a significant impact on the prediction of convection, of transport of pollutants, etc ... The large eddy simulation of turbulence (LES) is a tool that has demonstrated its ability to reproduce turbulent structures in such idealized contexts. The extension of the LES to natural environments is performed in this thesis divided into three parts. The first part presents the equations and the concepts necessary to understanding the problems of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. It attempts to describe the laws for the similarity theories and the context of optical turbulence. The second part presents the results of two ideals simulations and we compare the results of the simulation with one hand the laws of the similarity theories and in other hand with radar data available in the IHOP campaign. The use of a refined mesh near the floor improves vertical profiles of turbulent fields improving prediction gradients at the interface soil / atmosphere. In addition, the boundary layer profile seems to be well reproduced by Cn2 profiles when compared with the results from the radar. Overall, the dynamics of turbulent fields solved are in good agreement with our expectations. Once the model evaluation performed, a simulation was set up around the measurement campaign VOTALP located in the south of Switzerland. This simulation includes five nested domains ranging from 16 km horizontal resolution for the largest to 100m for the smallest area. The important device deployed during the campaign VOTALP located in a valley in southern Switzerland has to confront the results of modeling the high-resolution observational data. The results obtained, among others, showed that the high-resolution simulation is a suitable tool for the study of the phenomena of lower layers including optical turbulence in complex environments.
