This thesis work consisted in the development of original strategy for the microfabrication ofelectrodes which could be used in a biosensor as an electrochemical transducer. One of theprospects of this work is to insert this type of sensor into a microfluidic chip, We have madethe choice of using glass as a substrate. Moreover, we have favoured soft lithographictechnologies at the expense of conventional strategy like photolithography.In this work, we mainly worked on the development of methods which combines microcontact printing and autocatalytic metallisation (electroless). As this type of metallisationneeds catalytic surfaces to grow the metallic layer, we developed surface treatments methodsto make the surface of the substrate catalytic for the metallisation. To follow, the microcontact printing technique has been used to passivate areas where metallisation should notoccur and this leads to metallic microstructure with very few defects. Our approach leads uson the use of different catalyst like gold, silver or palladium nanoparticles and we havediscussed differences between the different methods.Another strategy consisted in the selective etching of thin metallic layer. Areas not to be etchare protected by the micro contact printing technique. This leads to the development of twooriginal strategies of microfabrication on thin metallic layer.In the whole work, extreme surface characterisation like SEM, AFM, ToF-SIMS, XPS andwettability have been carried out in order to optimize the development of the differentmethods.
