The activities of passenger and goods transport are constantly increasing worldwide and especially in the European Union, including the edge of tolls. To improve the fluidity and reduce the risk of congestion, one of the solutions is automatic toll payments. The objective of this thesis is to enhance the performance of vehicle identification systems and to contribute to develop a design of a classification vehicles system by using electromagnetic waves for free-flow electronic toll collection system application. This system allows an automatic payment without stopping vehicles. The first part of this thesis deals with the study of two vehicle identification systems: UHF RFID and DSRC. Five new antennas were realized with the purpose to increase the communication range as well as to reduce the size and cost of the system. They are high gain and easy to be industrialized. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the study of a classification of different types of vehicles from the scattered waves captured by the system. Three methods of vehicle classification are proposed and tested in the road environment. Such system detects the presence of vehicle and measures the distance between vehicle and itself with a good accuracy. The principle of the system is based on Ultra-Wideband radar technology in which transmitting signal with a very short duration pulse is used.
