Chiral molecules demand is booming in recent years. Biocatalyse under microwave irradiation is found to be an attractive way to synthesise these molecules. Indeed, in the literature, some cases show an activation effect on the enzymatic efficiency by microwave irradiation, compared to classical heating. However, the effect of microwave irradiation is not well understood and controversial. The aim of his PhD was to study the impact of the microwave irradiation on some lipases, immobilized or not. Different model reactions were studied from secondary linear alcohol resolution, to the resolution of more complex polyols or polyfunctionalized secondary alcohols comparing the microwave heating (in drastic conditions or not) to the classical heating. Studying the enzymatic stability and intrinsic parameters after modifying the reaction parameters, we observed a clearly microwave effect on the efficiency of the enzymatic resolutions. Using microwave heating, it could be possible to decrease, in an important way, the reaction time, compared to the classical heating and to control the énantiopréférence of the lipase to efficiently obtain chiral product. Trough innovative processes, the impact of the irradiation has been studied and it depends on the model reaction.Optimizing the conditions to obtain the best enzyme selectivities and activities under microwave irradiation, we could synthesise chiral a-hydroxyamides and polyols, in a rapid, clean way, respecting the principles of green chemistry.
