Use of nanoparticulate vectors in vaccination as controlled release systems based on biodegradable polymers has been widely studied, particularly for HIV vaccine research. An innovative approach is to co-administer antigens of interest with immuno-stimulatory molecules to amplify the recruitment and activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Such a vaccine candidate could boost the intensity of the immune response, and mucosal immunity in vaginal and anal secretions could be obtained after vaccination.We used nanoparticles of poly(lactic acid) (NP-PLA) or chitosan / dextran sulfate (NP-CSD), as vehicles and adjuvants for HIV-1 proteins, gp140 and p24. Poly (I:C), TLR3 ligand molecule, is the immuno-stimulatory molecule chosen for its adjuvant properties. The NP-PLA and NP-CSD have shown their great potential as carriers of proteins. By cons, if NP-CSD allows the adsorption of poly(I:C) with a yield of 95%, the adsorption is less reproducible on NP-PLA. For each formulation, the ability to induce in vitro maturation of DCs was evaluated by following the marker CD25, CD80, CD83, by flow cytometry. Adsorption of poly(I:C) on the NP-PLA or the NP-CSD amplifies the maturation abilities of particles and has a synergistic effect with the NP-CSD.Our work shows that co-adsorption of a TLR ligand with HIV protein antigens onto biodegradable nanoparticles is possible and gives an immuno-stimulant effect to the vaccine formulation in vitro. In vivo, vaccine formulations containing poly(I:C) induce very high levels of serum antibodies in mice.
