This thesis deals with ambient intelligence and the design of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It studies the automatic generation of user interfaces that are adapted to the interaction context in ambient environments. This problem raises design issues that are specific to ambient HCI, particularly in the reuse of multimodal and multidevice interaction techniques. The present work falls into three parts. The first part is an analysis of state-of-the-art software architectures designed to solve those issues. This analysis outlines the limits of current approaches and enables us to propose, in the second part, a new approach for the design of ambient HCI called DAME. This approach relies on the automatic and dynamic association of software components that build a user interface. We propose and define two complementary models that allow the description of ergonomic and architectural properties of the software components. The design of such components is organized in a layered architecture that identifies reusable levels of abstraction of an interaction language. A third model, called behavioural model, allows the specification of recommendations about the runtime instantiation of components. We propose an algorithm that allows the generation of context-adapted user interfaces and the evaluation of their quality according to the recommendations issued from the behavioural model. In the third part, we detail our implementation of a platform that implements the DAME approach. This implementation is used in a qualitative experiment that involves end-users. Encouraging preliminary results have been obtained and open new perspectives on multi-devices and multimodal HCI in ambient computing.
